PETROLEUM
Brent production: North Sea.
sulphur content: about 0.37% (sweet).
light, high flow.
WTI (West Texas Intermediate)
Production: USA (Texas and Oklahoma).
Sulfur content: about 0.24% (sweet).Light and low-viscosity. Main benchmark for the US market.
Urals (Urals Oil)
Production: Russia.
Sulfur content: about 1.3% (sulfuric).
Medium density.
Actively exported to Europe and Asia Dubai Crude
Oman Crude
Production: Oman.
Sulfur content: about 1% (moderately acidic).
Average density.
Basra Light
Production: Iraq.
Sulphur content: about 2.8% (acidic).
Medium density. Exported to Asia and Europe.
GAS
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG - Liquefied Natural Gas)
Obtained by cooling natural gas to -162°C, turning it into a liquid for transportation.
Composition: mainly methane (about 90-99%).
Main exporters: Qatar, Australia, USA.
Application: long-distance transportation in tankers.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG - Liquefied Petroleum Gas)
LPG is a mixture of propane and butane obtained from oil or gas processing.
It is widely used in household cylinders and for refueling vehicles.
Example: Propane-butane mixtures at gas filling stations.
FUEL OIL
Main features of different types of fuel oil:
- Fuel oil M-100 - used mainly in the energy industry for heating and in boiler houses. It is the most common type of fuel oil with high viscosity and high sulfur content.
- Fuel oil M-60 - is used when less viscous fuel materials are required, with lower sulfur content than M-100.
- Fuel oil M-30 - more often used in industrial and power plants where less viscous fuels are required.
- PM-500 fuel oil - used in marine engines and for other specialized purposes such as in large production boilers.
DIESEL
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Technical characteristics and varieties of Euro-4, Euro-5 and Euro-6 diesel fuel
Diesel fuel of different ecological classes (Euro-4, Euro-5 and Euro-6) differs in sulfur content, cetane number and other parameters affecting environmental friendliness and engine performance.
The main varieties of diesel fuel by season:
-Summer (L) - used at temperatures above 0°C.
-Winter (W) - retains fluidity at temperatures down to -35°C.
-Arctic (A) - maintains fluidity at temperatures down to -50°C and below.
Main technical characteristics of Euro-4, Euro-5 and Euro-6 diesel fuel
GASOLINE
Technical characteristics of Euro-4, Euro-5 and Euro-6 gasoline
Gasolines differ in the level of harmful impurities, especially sulfur, which affects the environmental friendliness of the exhaust.Main differences
Euro-4: Allows up to 50 mg/kg of sulfur, higher content of benzene and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Euro-5: More environmentally friendly - reduced sulfur content up to 10 mg/kg, improved parameters for aromatic compounds.
Euro-6: Minimal sulfur content (up to 5 mg/kg), even lower content of benzene and oxygen compounds, which reduces CO₂ emissions and improves combustion.
KEROSINE
Aviation kerosene is used in jet and turboprop engines. The main grades are TS-1 (Russia, CIS), RT, Jet A, Jet A-1, JP-8 (NATO).
Main varieties of aviation kerosene:
TS-1 - standard kerosene for civil aviation in Russia and CIS.
RT - analog of TS-1, but with stricter quality control.
Jet A - standard in the USA, freezing point -40°C.
Jet A-1 - international standard, freezing point -47°C.
JP-8 - military analog of Jet A-1, with additives against icing and corrosion.